Polish · Greetings & Essentials
"Who?" in Polish: kto
kto
Who? in Polish is kto. Kto asks who as subject and takes singular grammar; kogo is used for many direct objects and genitive constructions.
A first use of who?
Kto tu mieszka?Speak with an AI partner · 7 days free
How to pronounce kto
Say it
kto
/ktɔ/
In kto, keep the vowels clear and avoid adding vowels inside consonant clusters. The content words in kto normally use penultimate stress when they have multiple syllables.
"Who?" in Polish: quick reference
| Polish | English | When to use |
|---|---|---|
| kto | Who? The main expression for who?. | The main expression for who?. |
| kogo | whom / who as an object Genitive or accusative form, depending on the construction. | Genitive or accusative form, depending on the construction. |
How to use kto in real life
- 1A first use of who?
Kto tu mieszka?
Who lives here?
This is a natural setting for kto.
- 2A second conversational context
Kto przyjdzie jutro?
Who will come tomorrow?
Notice how kto fits with the surrounding words here.
- 3Another practical use
Nie wiem, kto to jest.
I do not know who that is.
Kto asks who as subject and takes singular grammar; kogo is used for many direct objects and genitive constructions.
Mistakes English speakers make with kto
Incorrect: kto tu mieszkają
Correct: kto
For this meaning, the complete Polish form is kto. Kto asks who as subject and takes singular grammar; kogo is used for many direct objects and genitive constructions.
Incorrect: kto widzisz zamiast kogo
Correct: kto
Keep the wording and grammatical forms in kto; the proposed form changes or breaks this expression.
Good to know
Kto asks who as subject and takes singular grammar; kogo is used for many direct objects and genitive constructions.
Read this practice conversation aloud
Practice who?
Partner
Co powiesz w tej sytuacji?
What will you say in this situation?
You
Kto tu mieszka?
Who lives here?
Partner
A w innym kontekście?
And in another context?
You
Kto przyjdzie jutro?
Who will come tomorrow?
This is a sample dialogue for reading aloud. Try both parts, then replace a detail with one from your own life.
Explore ChatPal"Who?" in other languages
FAQ
Common questions about "Who?" in Polish
When should I say kto?
Kto asks who as subject and takes singular grammar; kogo is used for many direct objects and genitive constructions.
Is kogo another way to say who??
Kogo is a useful related expression. The main form here is kto; choose the wording that fits the person and context.
What wording should I avoid with kto?
Avoid kto tu mieszkają. The correct expression is kto; Kto asks who as subject and takes singular grammar; kogo is used for many direct objects and genitive constructions.
Can you show kto in a sentence?
Nie wiem, kto to jest. — I do not know who that is.
Use these words in a conversation
Find useful phrases for a situation, learn what to say back, and rehearse your part with revealable sample answers.
Learn a word, then use it out loud
- Step 1: See it in context
- Step 2: Say it out loud
- Step 3: Get feedback
- Step 4: Use it in real scenarios
